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Strengthening of the concrete face slabs of dams using sprayable strain-hardening fiber-reinforced cementitious

《结构与土木工程前沿（英文）》 2022年 第16卷 第2期   页码 145-160 doi: 10.1007/s11709-022-0806-4

摘要： In this study, sprayable strain-hardening fiber-reinforced cementitious composites (FRCC) were applied to strengthen the concrete slabs in a concrete-face rockfill dam (CFRD) for the first time. Experimental, numerical, and analytical investigations were carried out to understand the flexural properties of FRCC-layered concrete slabs. It was found that the FRCC layer improved the flexural performance of concrete slabs significantly. The cracking and ultimate loads of a concrete slab with an 80 mm FRCC layer were 132% and 69% higher than those of the unstrengthened concrete slab, respectively. At the maximum crack width of 0.2 mm, the deflection of the 80-mm FRCC strengthened concrete slab was 144% higher than that of the unstrengthened concrete slab. In addition, a FE model and a simplified analytical method were developed for the design and analysis of FRCC-layered concrete slabs. Finally, the test result of FRCC leaching solution indicated that the quality of the water surrounding FRCC satisfied the standard for drinking water. The findings of this study indicate that the sprayable strain-hardening FRCC has a good potential for strengthening hydraulic structures such as CFRDs.

关键词： strain-hardening cementitious composites     engineered cementitious composites     sprayable     shotcrete     strengthening     concrete-face rockfill dam     digital image correlation    

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Dynamic in-plane transversal normal stresses in the concrete face of CFRD

Neftalí SARMIENTO-SOLANO, Miguel P. ROMO

《结构与土木工程前沿（英文）》 2019年 第13卷 第1期   页码 135-148 doi: 10.1007/s11709-018-0481-7

摘要： Severe earthquakes can induce damages to Concrete Face Rockfill Dams (CFRDs) such as concrete cracking and joint's water stops distressing where high in-plane transversal normal stresses develop. Although these damages rarely jeopardize the dam safety, they cause large water reservoir leakages that hinder the dam functioning. This issue can be addressed using well know numerical methods; however, given the wide range of parameters involved, it would seem appropriate to develop a simple yet reliable procedure to get a close understanding how their interaction affects the CFRD’s overall behavior. Accordingly, once the physics of the problem is better understood one can proceed to perform a detailed design of the various components of the dam. To this end an easy-to-use procedure that accounts for the dam height effects, valley narrowness, valley slopes, width of concrete slabs and seismic excitation characteristics was developed. The procedure is the dynamic complement of a method recently developed to evaluate in-plane transversal normal stresses in the concrete face of CFRD’s due to dam reservoir filling [ ]. Using these two procedures in a sequential manner, it is possible to define the concrete slab in-plane normal stresses induced by the reservoir filling and the action of orthogonal horizontal seismic excitations acting at the same time upstream-downstream and cross river. Both procedures were developed from a data base generated using nonlinear static and dynamic three-dimensional numerical analyses on the same group of CFRD’s. Then, the results were interpreted with the Buckingham Pi theorem and various relationships were developed. In the above reference, the method to evaluate the concrete face in-plane transversal normal stresses caused by the first reservoir filling was reported. In this paper, the seismic procedure is first developed and then through an example the whole method (dam construction, reservoir filling plus seismic loading) of analysis is assessed.

关键词： CFR dams     dynamic analysis     in-plane normal stresses     concrete face    

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In-plane transversal normal stresses in the concrete face of CFRD induced by the first-dam reservoir

Neftalí SARMIENTO-SOLANO, Miguel P. ROMO

《结构与土木工程前沿（英文）》 2018年 第12卷 第1期   页码 81-91 doi: 10.1007/s11709-016-0378-2

摘要： To evaluate the effects of dam height, valley narrowness and width of concrete slabs on the first-dam reservoir filling in-plane transversal normal stresses in the concrete face of CFRD´s, 3D finite difference analyses were carried out. Behavior of rockfill dams considered in this study was defined from the monitoring of a number of 3D sets of pressure cells and extensometers installed in three large dams in Mexico. The 3D analyses results show that high in-plane transversal compressive stresses develop within the concrete panels located in the central concrete face zone upon dam reservoir filling loading. Likewise, in-plane induced tensile transversal stresses in the zones near the abutments increase the potential of slabs cracking and damaging the waterstops in-between the vertical and perimetral joints. From the results of the 3D finite difference analyses, a simple method to estimate in-plane normal stresses in the concrete face is advanced and through comparisons with the results of a 3D case numerical study, its accuracy assessed.

关键词： concrete face     CFR dams     reservoir filling     slab in-plane stresses    

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高混凝土面板堆石坝设计新理念

郦能惠

《中国工程科学》 2011年 第13卷 第3期   页码 12-18

摘要：

在分析混凝土面板堆石坝40多年经验设计及其不完全性的基础上，提出了高混凝土面板堆石坝设计新理念，即针对坝址的地形地质条件与料源情况，进行稳定安全设计、渗流安全设计和变形安全设计，阐述了稳定、渗流、变形安全设计的原则和要点，强调了变形协调原则和理论指导设计的重要性。

关键词： 混凝土面板堆石坝     设计新理念     稳定安全     渗流安全     变形安全    

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300m级面板堆石坝适应性及对策研究

马洪琪

《中国工程科学》 2011年 第13卷 第12期   页码 4-8

摘要：

系统总结了200ｍ级面板坝建设的主要经验与教训，对４座３００ｍ级面板坝典型工程进行了分析，提出了３００ｍ级面板坝需要研究的基础科学和关键技术问题。

关键词： 混凝土面板堆石坝     适应性     对策研究    

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我国高坝建设和科技攻关

陈宗梁

《中国工程科学》 2000年 第2卷 第12期   页码 84-89

摘要：

介绍了我国大坝建设的发展和特点，概括了高坝建设中的地质勘探、坝工技术、泄洪消能、坝基处理和髙边坡处理等方面的科技成果和应用水平，展望了我国高坝发展前景并指出今后高坝科技攻关重点。

关键词： 水力发电     高坝     重力坝     拱坝     碾压混凝土坝     面板堆石坝    

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Features of seismic hazard in large dam projects and strong motion monitoring of large dams

Martin WIELAND,

《结构与土木工程前沿（英文）》 2010年 第4卷 第1期   页码 56-64 doi: 10.1007/s11709-010-0005-6

摘要： Earthquakes can affect large dam projects in many different ways. Usually, design engineers are focussing on ground shaking and neglect the other aspects. The May 12, 2008 Wenchuan earthquake has damaged 1803 dams and reservoirs, and 403 hydropower plants with an installed capacity of 3.3GW. Among these dams were the 132-m-high Shapai RCC arch dam and the 156-m-high Zipingpu concrete face rockfill dam. These recently completed dams are dam types which, up to now, have not experienced strong ground shaking. The widespread mass movements have caused substantial damage to dams and surface powerhouses in Sichuan. The different features of earthquake hazard are presented, i.e., ground shaking, faulting and mass movements. It is proposed to prepare project-specific safety plans for all dams, which consist of a matrix where the possible hazards and the corresponding countermeasures are listed. The earthquake behaviors of the Sefid Rud, Zipingpu and Shapai dams, which, in the past, have experienced strong ground shaking from nearby earthquakes, are discussed. Finally, the need for strong motion instrumentation of large dams is discussed. It is proposed that major dams with large damage potential, dams located in areas of high seismicity, and dams showing signs of abnormal behavior be equipped with strong motion instruments.

关键词： seismic hazard     arch dam     concrete face rockfill dam     strong motion instrumentation     reservoir-triggered seismicity     Wenchuan earthquake    

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Effect of cutterhead configuration on tunnel face stability during shield machine maintenance outages

《结构与土木工程前沿（英文）》 2023年 第17卷 第4期   页码 522-532 doi: 10.1007/s11709-023-0930-9

摘要： Owing to long-distance advancement or obstacles, shield tunneling machines are typically shut down for maintenance. Engineering safety during maintenance outages is determined by the stability of the tunnel face. Pressure maintenance openings are typically used under complicated hydrogeological conditions. The tunnel face is supported by a medium at the bottom of the excavation chamber and compressed air at the top. Owing to the high risk of face failure, the necessity of support pressure when cutterhead support is implemented and a method for determining the value of compressed air pressure using different support ratios must to be determined. In this study, a non-fully chamber supported rotational failure model considering cutterhead support is developed based on the upper-bound theorem of limit analysis. Numerical simulation is conducted to verify the accuracy of the proposed model. The results indicate that appropriately increasing the specific gravity of the supporting medium can reduce the risk of collapse. The required compressed air pressure increases significantly as the support ratio decreases. Disregarding the supporting effect of the cutterhead will result in a tunnel face with underestimated stability. To satisfy the requirement of chamber openings at atmospheric pressure, the stratum reinforcement strength and range at the shield end are provided based on different cutterhead aperture ratios.

关键词： tunnel face stability     cutterhead configuration     aperture ratio     pressure gradient     support ratio    

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Method for solving the nonlinear inverse problem in gas face seal diagnosis based on surrogate models

《机械工程前沿（英文）》 2022年 第17卷 第3期 doi: 10.1007/s11465-022-0689-z

摘要： Physical models carry quantitative and explainable expert knowledge. However, they have not been introduced into gas face seal diagnosis tasks because of the unacceptable computational cost of inferring the input fault parameters for the observed output or solving the inverse problem of the physical model. The presented work develops a surrogate-model-assisted method for solving the nonlinear inverse problem in limited physical model evaluations. The method prepares a small initial database on sites generated with a Latin hypercube design and then performs an iterative routine that benefits from the rapidity of the surrogate models and the reliability of the physical model. The method is validated on simulated and experimental cases. Results demonstrate that the method can effectively identify the parameters that induce the abnormal signal output with limited physical model evaluations. The presented work provides a quantitative, explainable, and feasible approach for identifying the cause of gas face seal contact. It is also applicable to mechanical devices that face similar difficulties.

关键词： surrogate model     gas face seal     fault diagnosis     nonlinear dynamics     tribology    

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斜井全断面变径滑模新工艺——在三峡工程永久船闸地下输水系统斜井砼施工中的应用

周宇,钱兴喜,樊启祥,廖建新

《中国工程科学》 2002年 第4卷 第9期   页码 81-85

摘要：

文章简要介绍了斜井全断面变径滑模结构、工作原理和主要技术性能指标。针对三峡工程永久船闸地下输水系统斜井具有数量多、长度短、体型复杂、边墙高度逐渐变化等特点。混凝土施工采用全断面变径滑模新工艺，斜井直段一次浇筑成型，洞身高度变化在滑升过程中自动完成，并收到显著的经济效益和社会效益。

关键词： 三峡工程     斜井砼施工     全断面变径滑模    

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Local uncorrelated local discriminant embedding for face recognition

Xiao-hu MA,Meng YANG,Zhao ZHANG

《信息与电子工程前沿（英文）》 2016年 第17卷 第3期   页码 212-223 doi: 10.1631/FITEE.1500255

摘要： The feature extraction algorithm plays an important role in face recognition. However, the extracted features also have overlapping discriminant information. A property of the statistical uncorrelated criterion is that it eliminates the redundancy among the extracted discriminant features, while many algorithms generally ignore this property. In this paper, we introduce a novel feature extraction method called local uncorrelated local discriminant embedding (LULDE). The proposed approach can be seen as an extension of a local discriminant embedding (LDE) framework in three ways. First, a new local statistical uncorrelated criterion is proposed, which effectively captures the local information of interclass and intraclass. Second, we reconstruct the affinity matrices of an intrinsic graph and a penalty graph, which are mentioned in LDE to enhance the discriminant property. Finally, it overcomes the small-sample-size problem without using principal component analysis to preprocess the original data, which avoids losing some discriminant information. Experimental results on Yale, ORL, Extended Yale B, and FERET databases demonstrate that LULDE outperforms LDE and other representative uncorrelated feature extraction methods.

关键词： Feature extraction     Local discriminant embedding     Local uncorrelated criterion     Face recognition    

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Model test and discrete element method simulation of shield tunneling face stability in transparent clay

Huayang LEI, Yajie ZHANG, Yao HU, Yingnan LIU

《结构与土木工程前沿（英文）》 2021年 第15卷 第1期   页码 147-166 doi: 10.1007/s11709-020-0704-6

摘要： The stability of the shield tunneling face is an extremely important factor affecting the safety of tunnel construction. In this study, a transparent clay with properties similar to those of Tianjin clay is prepared and a new transparent clay model test apparatus is developed to overcome the “black box” problem in the traditional model test. The stability of the shield tunneling face (failure mode, influence range, support force, and surface settlement) is investigated in transparent clay under active failure. A series of transparent clay model tests is performed to investigate the active failure mode, influence range, and support force of the shield tunneling face under different burial depth conditions, whereas particle flow code three-dimensional numerical simulations are conducted to verify the failure mode of the shield tunneling face and surface settlement along the transverse section under different burial depth conditions. The results show that the engineering characteristics of transparent clay are similar to those of soft clay in Binhai, Tianjin and satisfy visibility requirements. Two types of failure modes are obtained: the overall failure mode (cover/diameter: / ≤1.0) and local failure mode ( / ≥2.0). The influence range of the transverse section is wider than that of the longitudinal section when / ≥2.0. Additionally, the normalized thresholds of the relative displacement and support force ratio are 3%–6% and 0.2–0.4, respectively. Owing to the cushioning effect of the clay layer, the surface settlement is significantly reduced as the tunnel burial depth increases.

关键词： shield tunneling face     stability     transparent clay     model test     numerical simulation    

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Investigation of Generalized SIFs of cracks in 3D piezoelectric media under various crack-face conditions

Jaroon RUNGAMORNRAT, Bounsana CHANSAVANG, Weeraporn PHONGTINNABOOT, Chung Nguyen VAN

《结构与土木工程前沿（英文）》 2020年 第14卷 第2期   页码 280-298 doi: 10.1007/s11709-019-0586-7

摘要： This paper investigates the influence of crack geometry, crack-face and loading conditions, and the permittivity of a medium inside the crack gap on intensity factors of planar and non-planar cracks in linear piezoelectric media. A weakly singular boundary integral equation method together with the near-front approximation is adopted to accurately determine the intensity factors. Obtained results indicate that the non-flat crack surface, the electric field, and the permittivity of a medium inside the crack gap play a crucial role on the behavior of intensity factors. The mode-I stress intensity factors ( ) for two representative non-planar cracks under different crack-face conditions are found significantly different and they possess both upper and lower bounds. In addition, for impermeable and semi-permeable non-planar cracks treated depends strongly on the electric field whereas those of impermeable, permeable, and semi-permeable penny-shaped cracks are identical and independent of the electric field. The stress/electric intensity factors predicted by permeable and energetically consistent models are, respectively, independent of and dependent on the electric field for the penny-shaped crack and the two representative non-planar cracks. Also, the permittivity of a medium inside the crack gap strongly affects the intensity factors for all crack configurations considered except for of the semi-permeable penny-shaped crack.

关键词： crack-face conditions     intensity factors     non-flat cracks     permittivity     piezoelectric media     SGBEM    

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Face recognition based on subset selection via metric learning on manifold

Hong SHAO,Shuang CHEN,Jie-yi ZHAO,Wen-cheng CUI,Tian-shu YU

《信息与电子工程前沿（英文）》 2015年 第16卷 第12期   页码 1046-1058 doi: 10.1631/FITEE.1500085

摘要： With the development of face recognition using sparse representation based classification (SRC), many relevant methods have been proposed and investigated. However, when the dictionary is large and the representation is sparse, only a small proportion of the elements contributes to the 1-minimization. Under this observation, several approaches have been developed to carry out an efficient element selection procedure before SRC. In this paper, we employ a metric learning approach which helps find the active elements correctly by taking into account the interclass/intraclass relationship and manifold structure of face images. After the metric has been learned, a neighborhood graph is constructed in the projected space. A fast marching algorithm is used to rapidly select the subset from the graph, and SRC is implemented for classification. Experimental results show that our method achieves promising performance and significant efficiency enhancement.

关键词： Face recognition     Sparse representation     Manifold structure     Metric learning     Subset selection    

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Experimental study of surface integrity and fatigue life in the face milling of Inconel 718

Xiangyu WANG, Chuanzhen HUANG, Bin ZOU, Guoliang LIU, Hongtao ZHU, Jun WANG

《机械工程前沿（英文）》 2018年 第13卷 第2期   页码 243-250 doi: 10.1007/s11465-018-0479-9

摘要：

The Inconel 718 alloy is widely used in the aerospace and power industries. The machining-induced surface integrity and fatigue life of this material are important factors for consideration due to high reliability and safety requirements. In this work, the milling of Inconel 718 was conducted at different cutting speeds and feed rates. Surface integrity and fatigue life were measured directly. The effects of cutting speed and feed rate on surface integrity and their further influences on fatigue life were analyzed. Within the chosen parameter range, the cutting speed barely affected the surface roughness, whereas the feed rate increased the surface roughness through the ideal residual height. The surface hardness increased as the cutting speed and feed rate increased. Tensile residual stress was observed on the machined surface, which showed improvement with the increasing feed rate. The cutting speed was not an influencing factor on fatigue life, but the feed rate affected fatigue life through the surface roughness. The high surface roughness resulting from the high feed rate could result in a high stress concentration factor and lead to a low fatigue life.

关键词： roughness     hardness     residual stress     microstructure     fatigue life    

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标题 作者 时间 类型 操作

Strengthening of the concrete face slabs of dams using sprayable strain-hardening fiber-reinforced cementitious

期刊论文

Dynamic in-plane transversal normal stresses in the concrete face of CFRD

Neftalí SARMIENTO-SOLANO, Miguel P. ROMO

期刊论文

In-plane transversal normal stresses in the concrete face of CFRD induced by the first-dam reservoir

Neftalí SARMIENTO-SOLANO, Miguel P. ROMO

期刊论文

高混凝土面板堆石坝设计新理念

郦能惠

期刊论文

300m级面板堆石坝适应性及对策研究

马洪琪

期刊论文

我国高坝建设和科技攻关

陈宗梁

期刊论文

Features of seismic hazard in large dam projects and strong motion monitoring of large dams

Martin WIELAND,

期刊论文

Effect of cutterhead configuration on tunnel face stability during shield machine maintenance outages

期刊论文

Method for solving the nonlinear inverse problem in gas face seal diagnosis based on surrogate models

期刊论文

斜井全断面变径滑模新工艺——在三峡工程永久船闸地下输水系统斜井砼施工中的应用

周宇,钱兴喜,樊启祥,廖建新

期刊论文

Local uncorrelated local discriminant embedding for face recognition

Xiao-hu MA,Meng YANG,Zhao ZHANG

期刊论文

Model test and discrete element method simulation of shield tunneling face stability in transparent clay

Huayang LEI, Yajie ZHANG, Yao HU, Yingnan LIU

期刊论文

Investigation of Generalized SIFs of cracks in 3D piezoelectric media under various crack-face conditions

Jaroon RUNGAMORNRAT, Bounsana CHANSAVANG, Weeraporn PHONGTINNABOOT, Chung Nguyen VAN

期刊论文

Face recognition based on subset selection via metric learning on manifold

Hong SHAO,Shuang CHEN,Jie-yi ZHAO,Wen-cheng CUI,Tian-shu YU

期刊论文

Experimental study of surface integrity and fatigue life in the face milling of Inconel 718

Xiangyu WANG, Chuanzhen HUANG, Bin ZOU, Guoliang LIU, Hongtao ZHU, Jun WANG

期刊论文